![]() ![]() Many fonts were cut, some such as Robert Estienne’s for a single printer’s exclusive use, others sold or traded between them. Manutius's work (and, it is thought, De Aetna in particular) as a source of inspiration. His typefaces were either cut by or defined the style in which Garamond worked.įrench typefounders of the 1. His graceful and delicate typefaces, based on the work of Aldus Manutius thirty- five years earlier, redefined practices in French printing never before had a complete roman typeface been made to such a large size, and the use of multiple sizes cut in the same style allowed harmony between headings and body text. Historian Beatrice Warde has assessed De Aetna as something of a pilot project, a small book printed to a higher standard than Manutius' norm. ![]() In the period of Garamond's early life roman type had been displacing the blackletter or Gothic type which was used in some (although not all) early French printing. Garamond cut type in the 'roman', or upright style, in italic, and Greek. It would become influential in French printing from the 1. 8 pt) by Garamond, cast from surviving matrices in the Plantin Moretus Museum. Microsoft products, it is a revival of Jannon's work. Modern Garamond revivals also often add a matching bold and 'lining' numbers at the height of capital letters, neither of which were used in Garamond's time. It is common to pair these with italics based on those created by his contemporary Robert Granjon, who was well known for his proficiency in this genre. The x- height (height of lower- case letters) is low, especially at larger sizes, making the capitals large relative to the lower case, while the top serifs on the ascenders of letters like 'd' have a downward slope and ride above the cap height. The 'M' is slightly splayed with outward- facing serifs at the top (sometimes only on the left) and the leg of the 'R' extends outwards from the letter. Garamond worked as an engraver of punches, the masters used to stamp matrices, the moulds used to cast metal type. Garamond- style typefaces are popular and often used, particularly for printing body text and books. Garamond is a group of many old- styleseriftypefaces, named for sixteenth- century Parisian engraver Claude Garamond (generally spelled as Garamont in his lifetime). ![]()
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